Civil Construction and Engineering

Civil engineering is a concept that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. The act of civil construction and engineering includes bridges, roads, canals, airports, dams and buildings. These are merely just a few examples of what civil construction and engineering is about.

Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines after military engineering. It has been an aspect of life since the beginning of human existence. Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture.

One of the main aspects of civil construction and engineering is structural engineering. With structural engineering a structure needs to be able to successfully support itself as well as being able to resist loads. It is the job of a structural engineer to ensure that the design and construction of aspects such as bridges, roads and airports etc are safe and successful for their function. Some of the design considerations that need to be kept in mind are the strength, stiffness and stability of the civil construction. All of these need to commit to safety checks so that the structure can hold itself. Other considerations that need to be kept in mind when it comes to the civil construction and engineering includes the cost, constructability, safety, aesthetics and sustainability of the proposed structure.

In the society that we live in today it is safe to say that society wouldn't work without civil construction and engineering. This is because the infrastructures that we use in our daily lives, the infrastructures that support our daily lives wouldn't be in existence if it wasn't for civil construction and engineering. We use aspects such as roads and harbours, railways and airports, hospitals, sports stadiums and schools, access to drinking water and shelter from the weather in our daily lives without a second thought to the construction and engineering that is behind them. We rely more than ever on building contractor teams and inventive people who design and build as well as maintain the sophisticated environment that surrounds our everyday life.

The job of a civil construction team/engineer is more than merely the building side of these infrastructures. They have many activities that they must do every day, including drafting, decision making, computer interaction, communication, documentation, creative thinking, organising, information collecting, estimating and analysing. It is the job of a construction engineer to draft and design structures and show others how to build them. A construction engineer has to analyse information and make the right decision to solve the problems.

If you are a business owner or the owner of property who wishes to expend and build civil structures such as a road to provide easier access or an extension is needed at an airport, it is essential that you enlist the help of a building contractor team who are highly skilled and experienced in undertaking all aspects of civil building and construction. The building contractor team should have structural engineers who are able to undertake the planning and safety aspects of the design to ensure that the finished product is up to standards.

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Construction Civil Engineer Responsibilities

Construction civil engineers have a great deal of responsibilities in their field. They are directly responsible for the management and planning when it comes to constructing reservoirs, dams, buildings, railroads, airports, bridges, and highways. Not only do they aid in designing but they also take part in estimating costs, scheduling, planning, obtaining materials, selecting equipment used, and controlling costs.

In the field of construction civil engineer, design of the process of construction, analysis, science, and mathematics are all necessary. What is more, is that construction civil engineers are directly responsible for many of the buildings and structures you use on an everyday basis. The bridges you drive over, the tunnels you drive through, the dams you see, the homes you live in, the businesses you use, and the airports you fly out of.

There are many tasks involved in construction civil engineering, some of which are done in the office, consultant work, and others are done on the field, as a contractor. Both involve a vast amount of responsibilities and consistent communication is necessary to accomplish the goal set forth.

The consultant construction civil engineer is responsible creating documents, solving problems, organizing the project, collecting information, estimating costs and time, and drafting design. While this is an important role the field construction civil engineers is just as important. It is his responsibility to ensure that the project goes as planned and drafts are followed to specifications.

It is necessary that both the consultant and field engineer maintain constant communication throughout the project. Because both have a high level of responsibility the weight of the entire project, safety, and codes lay upon their shoulders. There are a variety of tasks involved in the field of construction civil engineer. For example, analysis of photography, information, blueprints, drawings, and maps are necessary for any project.

Software and computer knowledge is generally a requirement as well. Software programs are usually used to design structures and systems, as well as keeping with the necessary codes of construction in the country and at a local level.

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Could the Recession Be a Good Thing For Construction?

I was talking to a former co-worker (I have lots of them) this weekend and of course the topic of the economy came up and we were trying to determine when things would pick up and when we would be out of this thing. I said that six months from now we would most likely be in a much better place. I was then reminded that six months ago I said the same exact thing while unemployment has done nothing but tick upward. It's easy to lose credibility when you keep making the same prediction that never comes true - your sanity will quickly come into question.

We then started to discuss what this recession will do for the industry and how things will look when we emerge from the dark cavern. While it could look like a sea of cardboard boxes housing homeless construction professionals, the more likely situation is one of a construction industry where the stronger companies survived and the weaker companies did not. I don't know what the statistics are for the failure rate of AEC firms during the recession, but I would imagine that the Darwin effect will show some signs of presence in our industry. But the question is if this is a good thing?

Suppose many AEC firms do go under through this whole thing and when things pick up again, new companies will surely emerge in an effort to eat some of the pie. So we're left with an industry that has some of the old strong players and some new rookie firms. But the question remains, is this a good thing?

And the answer is - perhaps. I think we will get a very good look at what kind of firms are doing well in construction by taking note of who is still alive when this thing turns around. What will these companies look like? Will the ones that survive have the better marketing or bidding strategies, or will they just have the most money? Will the survivors have the higher ethical standard, or the more devious and crooked values?

The fact of the matter is that when construction is booming again like it was in 2000 and 2005, we will be looking at a much different construction industry. It could be better and it could be worse, but it will certainly be different. I personally think it will be better. Every organization will be involved in the sustainability and green building movement and since this is a movement that also involves the incorporation of higher ethics and social responsibility, companies will adopt some of these values (or at least pretend to).

Regardless of what the industry looks like, we will in the least have much more people working and this is certainly a good thing. But will we be in a more sustainable, ethical, productive, and cohesive industry and will the unethical and self interested be weeded out?

I hope so.

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Construction Civil Contractors

The main construction civil project parties are the owner, the engineer and the contractor. The owner requirements are intimated to engineers, who in turn, guide the owner in the mode of construction civil, keeping in view the minimum safety requirements, shortest possible period of completion and minimum cost of construction civil. A good proposal can be achieved by a team of construction engineers, architects, general contractor, special contractor, manufacturer, materials dealers, equipment distributors, government bodies and agencies.

The construction civil engineers primary duty is to exercise quality control during the execution of the project. Depending on the nature of the work, a number of types of contracts are used in the building industry. In projects where execution of work is to be carried out by the use of construction civil equipment, the following three types of contracts are more popular.

1. Lump sum Contract
In this type of contract all the details of the project have to be properly designed and evaluated before the contractor is asked to tender his rate. Hence this is the best type of the contract. In this contract the owner pays a fixed sum of money for the complete project. Thus, if the same type of construction is to be repeated time and again and full details of the work are available then lump sum contract is most suitable.

2. Unit-Price Contract
In this contract, the contractor is asked to execute the various items of work specified in the schedule at the tendered rates. The contractor receives payment at specified intervals during the execution of the work depending upon the value of work executed. This type of contract is most common because it is possible to prepare approximate quantities of various items of work on the basis of complete measurement of similar structures.

3. Cost Plus a Fixed Percentage Contract
In this contract, the contractor is required to execute the work as per plans, specifications and drawings which form the part of the contract bond. The payment is made to the contractor on the basis of on-site costs incurred by the contractor.

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Types of Diggers Available in Construction

Diggers and mini diggers are often described in a more technical way as excavators. Each size of excavator then has its own categories and sub-categories, as there are constantly new developments and innovations in response to the wide range of different jobs that diggers are required for.

Compact excavators or mini diggers are generally between two and six tonnes in weight and are more powerful than is at first obvious. This is especially true of the more modern versions, which come with advanced hydraulic systems to increase their strength. Another of their valuable features is their adaptability and mobility in comparison to their larger counterparts. Most models of mini digger excavator can rotate around 360 degrees giving maximum freedom to the operator and often saving time and money, as many jobs will be quicker due to not having to constantly reposition the excavator.

The size and mobility of mini diggers also means they are ideal for smaller sites, perhaps with limited access and where you may have to work in a tight space. Mini diggers are ideal for jobs such as digging ditches, setting up pools or ponds, trenching for pipes and cables, digging foundations for extensions and general landscaping jobs.

There are many good reasons for picking a mini digger over a larger one when practicable such as: lower purchase or renting costs, lower maintenance costs, easier controls and simpler attachments of accessories. Highly regarded brand names include JCB, Komatsu, Caterpillar, Hitachi, Volvo and Kubota.

Many of the larger categories of excavator perform the same roles as their more compact siblings but on larger scale and where the access is unbridled. There are though some specialised larger diggers such as those known as long reach excavators. As the name suggests these vehicles have extra long arms allowing them to fulfill tasks such as demolition or reaching to the higher floors of tall building sites. Old-style demolition with huge balls on the end of cables can clearly be somewhat haphazard in terms of how the building actually comes down. A long reach excavator has much more finesse as it can reach to the upper floors of buildings and dismantle them in a safer and more refined way.

Other larger excavators are used for work such as road building, road maintenance and larger construction jobs. They are often equipped with a hammer, a shovel and other accessories. They often have names such as dredger excavators, trench diggers and foundation excavators, dependent on the primary intention of the design.

The monsters in the field are often known as dragline excavators and bucket wheel excavators and are often used for larger construction projects, civil engineering and mining. The dragline excavator operates a large bucket by a system of ropes, cables and chains. Bucket wheel excavators consist of a large wheel with bucket and scoop attachments designed to collect earth and deliver it usually to some kind of conveyor belt or grader. Some of these machines weigh as much as 13,000 tonnes and can take as long as five years to make. Digger designs are always evolving so check out the latest developments if you are considering buying or renting one.

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